Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic and dangerous chemical that is released extensively into the environment. BPA is utilized to synthesize polycarbonate plastics for an assortment of basic items such as electronic gadgets, housewares and apparatuses, water pipes, food packaging and containers. Because of the widespread use of BPA products, people are easily exposed to BPA from using these products in their daily life, especially BPA-contaminated food. BPA intake is found in Oceania, Asia, Europe, and North America in both children and adults. Ingestion is a significant route of BPA exposure. The mechanisms of BPA toxicity involve oxidative stress production, genetic and epigenetic dysregulation, nuclear receptor dysfunction, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. Exposure to BPA has many health effects, which include altered neurogenesis and reproductive toxicity. Recently, BPA has also been associated with non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, lipid disorder, and diabetes. Toxicological data could provide insights that might be useful for promoting awareness to BPA toxicity and preventing BPA-associated diseases. Herein, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the toxicological profiles and health effects of BPA, with emphasis on the mechanisms of its toxicity.