Abstract

Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) is a plant widely used to treat various ailments such as rheumatism, gout, asthma, bronchitis, liver, and spleen diseases; it has diuretic, carminative, sedative, and antiseptic properties. The therapeutic potential of this plant is due to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, glucosides, phylloquinone, l-tryptophan, 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), and 3-n-butyl-4-5-dihydrophthalide. However, most biological studies on A. graveolens are restricted to crude extracts, and many biologically active compounds are not yet identified; a closer look is needed in order to base the traditional uses of A. graveolens on evidence-based data. The current trend toward the use of natural preservatives has triggered research on enhanced memory and neuroprotection, gastroprotection, and the anti-inflammation, anti-hypertention, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties of A. graveolens and its active compounds. This chapter presents morphological characteristics, vegetation compounds, and an evaluation of the therapeutic and toxic properties of this valuable medicinal plant. The chapter also provides an overview of anti-oxidant activity and the factors influencing the anti-oxidant content of this plant.