Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is described as a metabolic disorder with multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolisms. Recently, obesity has been identified as a risk factor of developing type II diabetes, at about 80 - 85 %. 1 out of 3 people with type II diabetes develop kidney disease. Garcinia mangostana is used as a traditional medicine in various types of disease, such as abdominal pain, dysentery, wound infections, suppuration, and chronic ulcers. Previous studies have revealed that G. mangostana has good antioxidant, antitumoral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. In this study, an aqueous extract of xanthone derivative from G. mangostana was used, and the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity was assessed. Mice body weight, plasma glucose level, kidney hypertrophy (KI, kidney damage indicator), kidney function test (BUN, CREA), plasma, and kidney tissue melondialdehyde level (MDA, as oxidative damage marker) were evaluated in a high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type II diabetes mouse model. The results showed that the total phenolic compound in xanthone was 272.62±2.26 μg GAE/mg extract and, in the case of the total antioxidant capacity, % of inhibition of xanthone was 88.40±0.25 μmol TEAC/mg extract, respectively. This has significant correlation (R² = 0.9777) to the total phenolic content. In the in vivo study, increased body weight, plasma glucose level, kidney hypertrophy, plasma kidney profile, plasma, and kidney tissue melondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the HFD/STZ-induced type II diabetes mouse model. Co-treatment with xanthone significantly (P < 0.05) improved all of the biochemical parameters and body weight in the mouse model. Taken together, the results indicate that xanthone possesses a potent renoprotective effect in type II diabetes mice.