Abstract

Cancer remains a major global health burden, demanding the development of more effective and less toxic therapies. α- and β-Mangostins are natural xanthones derived from Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen fruit) of the family Clusiaceae. They have demonstrated strong anticancer effects, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their clinical application is limited due to poor solubility and low bioavailability. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution to these challenges by improving the solubility, targeted delivery, and therapeutic potential of α- and β-mangostins. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-assisted drug delivery systems, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, and other nanoformulations, have significantly enhanced the bioavailability and controlled release of these compounds, thereby minimizing potential side effects. Furthermore, nanotechnology enables the co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, creating avenues for more effective combination therapies. In addition to reviewing the role of nanotechnology in delivering α- and β-mangostins for cancer therapy and future clinical applications, this article provides further mechanistic insights using in silico studies. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated how α- and β-mangostins interact with key cancer-related proteins, enhancing their anticancer efficacy. Ongoing research could lead to safer, more effective treatments that maximize the anticancer potential of these compounds across different cancer types.