Abstract

The increasing global demand for seafood underscores the necessity for sustainable aquaculture practices. However, several challenges, including rising operational costs, variable environmental conditions, and the threat of disease outbreaks, impede progress in this field. This review explores the transformative role of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in mitigating these challenges. We analyse current research on AIoT applications in aquaculture, with a strong emphasis on the use of IoT sensors for real-time data collection and AI algorithms for effective data analysis. Our focus areas include monitoring water quality, implementing smart feeding strategies, detecting diseases, analysing fish behaviour, and employing automated counting techniques. Nevertheless, several research gaps remain, particularly regarding the integration of AI in broodstock management, the development of multimodal AI systems, and challenges regarding model generalization. Future advancements in AIoT should prioritise real-time adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability while emphasizing the importance of multimodal systems, advanced biosensing capabilities, and digital twin technologies. In conclusion, while AIoT presents substantial opportunities for enhancing aquaculture practices, successful implementation will depend on overcoming challenges related to scalability, cost, and technical expertise, improving models’ adaptability, and ensuring environmental sustainability.