Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Volume 417, Issue 21, Pages 4847-4858 , 01/09/2025
Microwave-assisted synthesis of hyper-crosslinked polymer composite alginate hydrogel sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters leached from PET and LDPE
Abstract
A hyper-crosslinked polymer composite alginate hydrogel was developed as a sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters. The hyper-crosslinked polymer was synthesized via microwave-assisted polymerization and subsequently embedded into the alginate hydrogel sorbent. Four extracted target analytes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. The method demonstrated good linearity with R<sup>2</sup> values exceeding 0.999 for all analytes. The linear ranges were 0.20 to 200 µg L<sup>−1</sup> for benzyl butyl phthalate and 0.5 to 200 µg L⁻<sup>1</sup> for dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate. Limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, while limits of quantification ranged from 0.20 to 0.50 µg L<sup>−1</sup>. The method exhibited high precision with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 1.1–3.2% and 1.7–3.7%, respectively. The sorbent showed good reproducibility with RSDs in the range of 0.9 to 4.9% and reusability for up to 11 cycles of adsorption–desorption. The efficiency of the method was comparable with that of a commercial cartridge. Recoveries of phthalate esters from drinking water and artificial tear samples ranged from 90.0 to 100.6%. The developed method was efficient and reliable for the analysis of phthalate esters.
Document Type
Article
Source Type
Journal
Keywords
Dispersive solid-phase extractionHPLC–DADHydrogelPhthalate esters
ASJC Subject Area
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology : BiochemistryChemistry : Analytical Chemistry
Funding Agency
Thailand Science Research and Innovation
Phalipat, P., Bunkoed, O., Llompart, M., Pakdeepin, P., & Nurerk, P. (2025). Microwave-assisted synthesis of hyper-crosslinked polymer composite alginate hydrogel sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters leached from PET and LDPE. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 417(21) 4847-4858. doi:10.1007/s00216-025-06001-z