Abstract

We developed novel CsPbBr<inf>3</inf>/ZnS/CeO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposites as a new approach to enhance the photocatalytic performance of pure metal halide perovskite materials. These nanocomposites activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in heterogeneous processes, providing an effective method for pollutant removal. CsPbBr<inf>3</inf>/ZnS/CeO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposites exhibited excellent degradation performance towards ibuprofen (IBU), methyl orange (MO), naproxen (NP), tetracycline (TC) and diclofenac sodium (DS). The distinct interface established between the phases of CsPbBr<inf>3</inf>/ZnS/CeO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposite effectively enhanced reaction activity and improved the PMS-photocatalytic efficiency. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to evaluate key factors influencing degradation performance, including catalyst concentration, pH, PMS dosage, IBU concentration, different oxidants, ultrasonication, and reusability. The nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable enhancement in both piezo-photocatalytic and photocatalytic effects on PMS activation. The primary reactive species in the PMS-photocatalytic process were identified as h⁺, O<inf>2</inf>^•⁻, SO<inf>4</inf>^•⁻ and ^•OH. This study provides scientific guidance for developing high-performance photocatalysts and piezo-photocatalysts using common metals. In addition to excellent reusability and stability, the CsPbBr<inf>3</inf>/ZnS/CeO<inf>2</inf> nanocomposite achieved a high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 2100 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light, with good stability over multiple cycles. The synergistic combination of CsPbBr<inf>3</inf>, ZnS, and CeO<inf>2</inf> not only improves charge separation and reactive species generation but also offers a cost-effective alternative to noble-metal catalysts. This work thus provides a cost-effective strategy to overcome the limitations of single-component catalysts and offers a promising route toward sustainable water treatment and clean energy generation.