Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Volume 113 , 01/03/2026

Deep learning-based comparative evaluation of EEG, HRV, and EDA biomarkers for personal thermal comfort prediction

Bukhoree Sahoh, Fatimah Wongsontham, Apaporn Tipsavak, Paweena Chaithong, Mallika Kliangkhlao, M. Arif Efendi, Theerapan Songnuy, Yunyong Punsawad

Abstract

Personal thermal comfort prediction significantly impacts health, well-being, and productivity, yet existing systems typically employ multiple physiological biomarkers without clear evidence for optimal single-modality solutions. This study presents a deep learning (DL)-based metrologically grounded framework to evaluate and compare three biomarkers—electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), and electrodermal activity (EDA)—as traceable sensors under precisely controlled thermal conditions. We developed specialized signal preprocessing and feature engineering pipelines for each modality: 1) EEG spectral decomposition via Welch's power spectral density estimation across frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma); 2) HRV analysis through Fast Fourier Transform spectral estimation focusing on low-frequency to high-frequency component ratios; and 3) EDA feature extraction utilizing optimized filtering techniques to isolate skin conductance level and response characteristics. Three biomarker-specific DL architectures undergo Bayesian hyperparameter optimization, enabling equitable comparison of each modality's predictive performance. Results demonstrate that the HRV-based model achieves superior performance (F-measure = 0.95) while requiring minimal computational resources (0.78 MB memory footprint, 0.89 relative cost compared to the EEG baseline), establishing it as the optimal single-modality solution. These findings provide a paradigm for reproducible physiological measurement systems, advancing thermal comfort prediction by combining clinical-grade reliability with practical implementation benefits for clinical applications and next-generation indoor environmental control systems.

Document Type

Article

Source Type

Journal

Keywords

Artificial intelligenceBayesian optimizationBiofeedbackMachine learningPhysiological responseUser-centered model

ASJC Subject Area

Engineering : Biomedical EngineeringMedicine : Health InformaticsComputer Science : Signal Processing

Funding Agency

Walailak University


Bibliography


Sahoh, B., Wongsontham, F., Tipsavak, A., Chaithong, P., Kliangkhlao, M., Efendi, M., Songnuy, T., ... Punsawad, Y. (2026). Deep learning-based comparative evaluation of EEG, HRV, and EDA biomarkers for personal thermal comfort prediction. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 113doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108972

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