Abstract

Triphala, Trikatu, and Benjakul formulations are highly esteemed in various traditional medical systems in Thailand and have been utilized to treat a wide array of diseases. This review aims to provide a precise and up-to-date compilation of scientific information on the pharmacological activities and toxicology of Triphala, Trikatu, and Benjakul. It indicates that these formulations exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, as evidenced by previous experimental studies. Specifically, pharmacological investigations have verified their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and anticancer properties, as well as their clinical applications. Additionally, the toxic properties of these formulations have been assessed to ensure their safety and efficacy. This compilation serves as a valuable reference for scientists, researchers, and professionals working on these plants and facilitates the enhancement of knowledge in this domain. However, future studies are imperative to address the research gaps, particularly regarding the isolation of relevant phytochemical compounds, their preclinical and clinical characterization, and their evaluation. Additionally, the implementation of appropriate clinical trials and placebo-controlled studies is essential to establish a reliable role for Triphala, Trikatu, and Benjakul formulations in human health.