Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as a significant advancement in the realm of electrochemical biosensors, primarily due to their advantages in rapid, enzyme-free, precise, and cost-effective pathogen detection. The functional properties of MIPs can be tailored through the careful selection of formulation components. This review aims to examine MIP-based technologies utilized for the identification of disease biomarkers, encompassing a range of targets such as bacteria, viruses, C-reactive protein, necrosis factor-alpha, and antibodies, including Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Additionally, the discussion will focus on the materials employed, such as polypyrrole, poly(o-phenylenediamine), and poly(aminophenol), while assessing the selection of monomers, templates, crosslinking agents, and modifiers that can enhance the sensing performance of MIPs. Moreover, this review will highlight the applications of MIPs across diverse pathogen categories and consider the integration of artificial intelligence into MIP-based technologies. This integration holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing sensor data processing. Future initiatives are expected to emphasize the development of MIP biosensors characterized by improved sensitivity, diminished detection thresholds, and the utilization of biocompatible polymers, thereby fostering advancements in monitoring applications and contributing substantially to global medical diagnostics.