Abstract

This research aims to provide finite element model to predict the linear and nonlinear responses of sandwich curved beams composed of FG-GPLRC faces and FG-TPMS cores under multiple moving forces. Sinusoidal shear deformable theory, coupled with nonlinear strain components, is used to derive the nonlinear equations of motion for describing their dynamic behavior. The effective material properties of the faces are estimated using a micromechanical model of Halpin-Tsai, while the core properties are obtained from the variation of relative density in different configurations of TPMS unit cell. The solution is obtained iteratively using the Newmark time integration method and the Newton-Raphson method. Several key factors, including material properties, material compositions, GPL content, coefficient of relative density, core-to-face thickness ratio, angle, slenderness ratio, velocity, and number of moving forces, significantly influence the responses of the beams. These factors are examined to better understand the nonlinear behavior of the beams. By considering geometrical nonlinearity, it is found that the difference between the maximum linear and nonlinear responses exceeds 10 %. In addition, the results show that adding GPLs improves the beam's ability to withstand deformation under moving forces and increases the critical velocity. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing both material composition and beam’s geometries to achieve the desired structural performance.