Abstract

India's urbanization has seen an increase in car ownership and subsequently, emissions, despite policies like BS-VI. This research analyzes the patterns of internal combustion engine (ICE) car growth, emissions patterns, and electric vehicle (EV) growth through the example of Bengaluru. The comparison of ICEVs versus EVs will take into account pollution, cost, and infrastructure. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis shows that EVs become more cost effective for certain users. Government funding of FAME-II and state regulations initiated the uptake of EVs. Challenges remain with charging infrastructure, battery management, and capacity of the grid. This report demonstrates various methods to promote targeted EV uptake and stresses the significance of aligning efforts in technologies, policies, and infrastructure in command to follow sustainable urban transportation.